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Design of equipment for thermo mechanical pre-treatment of biodegradable waste
Kolařík, Ivo ; Jedlička, Filip (referee) ; Beňo, Zdeněk (advisor)
The main objective of this master’s thesis is to develop design equipment for thermomechanical pre-treatment of biodegradable waste. An important aspect of the design is taking into account current legislation, sanitary conditions for determining the pre-treated biodegradable material, which also serves as a raw material for biogas production. So the device will be used to monitor the impact of thermomechanical pre-treatment of biodegradable waste for biogas recovery. The following describes the processes of anaerobic decomposition of biodegradable materials and technology, whose main task is intensification of anaerobic decomposition of organic materials. The theoretical work are given various methods of processing and utilization of biodegradable wastes, focusing on kitchen waste and sludge from sewage plants. The next section describes the various factors that may affect the stability of the process of biogas generation. This also results in yield and chemical composition of biogas. A key part of this master’s thesis is to develop technical documentation and an approximate calculation of the hot slurry.
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Treatment of Waste Water Treatment Sludge Prior of its Following Utilization
Pěček, Jan ; Klemeš,, Jiří (referee) ; Žaloudík, Petr (referee) ; Jícha, Jaroslav (advisor)
Industrial production of cellulose is an energy intensive process. Businesses aim to utilized as much input energy, materials as possible while minimizing the waste as well. In addition to the main product – cellulose and large amounts of organically polluted water which is subsequently treated in waste water treatment plants. This PhD thesis deals with formation of suitable mixing formula for sludge from cellulose production and available materials (waste) from close neighborhood of Biocel Paskov a.s. so that well balanced cofermentation products are achieved. This mainly involves grass from lawn maintenance, grass ensilage, potato peels, and leftovers from vegetable processing. Fermentation processes (both mesophilic and thermophilic) of prepared fermentation products were conducted in semi-continuous and continuous laboratory fermentation units. Reduction of organic mass depending on residence time was closely observed as well as production and quality of biogas along with quality of output digestate. Course of process behaviour under controlled pH was tested. Results of particular tests were integrated into graphs. Conclusion of the thesis presents balance scheme drawn for selected variants, and design of real fermentation station with individual buildings, operations, basic machinery and equipment description including investment costs. Financial calculation and expected investment return was conducted in two variants – without subsidies and including subsidies from Operational Programme Renewable Sources of Energy.
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Biogas technologies
Martanová, Iveta ; Jecha, David (referee) ; Beňo, Zdeněk (advisor)
This bachelor's work deals with technology of conception and production of biogas from biodegradable waste. In the introductory part there is elaboration of biogas facts, the principle of biogas origin and the usage of biogas in practice. The main part is dedicated to individual technology of the biogas production. There are descriptions of technological equipment for gas producing and descriptions of individual methods of waste processing indicating their advantages and disadvantages.
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Production of biogas as an automotive fuel from renewable materials
Frühbauer, Zdeněk ; Houdková, Lucie (referee) ; Dlabaja, Tomáš (advisor)
The aim of this thesis is to specify and summarize possibilities of biogas production as a motor vehicle fuel by using the renewable energy sources. In the first part of the thesis there are the data concerning biogas, its production and chemical composition. An important part of the thesis is a description of current most used methods of cleaning which adjust biogas to quality of natural gas. The important part of this thesis is to introduce some of already working projects and to get knowledge about possibilities of making biogas from biologically decomposable material as a renewable energy source. The close of the thesis deals with energy, economy and ecological audit too and values biogas through all angles which decide about its using in larger size in the car industry.
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Energy use of digestate
Kaška, Zdeněk ; Štelcl, Otakar (referee) ; Baláš, Marek (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the research of biomass in general, its types and processing. Nowadays, biomass appears to be an environmentally and financially acceptable substitute for fossil fuels due to increasingly stringent emissions standards. The second part deals with its particular type, digestate. It is investigated whether the fossil fuel can be replaced or how the energy production process could be changed.
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UTILIZATION OF FOOD PROCESSING WASTE FOR LACTIC ACID AND ETHANOL PRODUCTION
Hudečková, Helena ; Kráčmar, Stanislav (referee) ; Buňka, František (referee) ; Márová, Ivana (advisor)
The doctoral thesis is focused on the microbial production of lactic acid and ethanol using food processing waste as substrate. Coffee processing waste (spent coffee grounds), wine production waste (grape pomace) and orange processing waste (orange peel) were chosen as substrates for experiments. The theoretical part is dedicated to summarizing current knowledge about waste from food production and possibilities of its processing. It also deals with selected metabolites (lactic acid, ethanol) to which these wastes can be used. Part of the experiments was focused on the characterization and optimization of hydrolysis to maximize the amount of fermentable saccharides. Different combinations of chemical, physical and enzymatic hydrolysis of selected substrates have been tested. Subsequently, a suitable strain for lactic acid and ethanol production was searched for. In the case of lactic acid production, 7 bacterial strains were selected (Lactobacillus casei CCM 4798, Bacillus coagulans CCM 2013, Bacillus coagulans CCM 2658, Lactobacillus rhamnosus CCM 1825T, Lactobacillus delbruckii subsp. bulgaricus CCM 7190, Lactobacillus plantarum CCM 7039T, Streptococcus thermophilus CCM 4757). These strains were first cultivated on the synthetic media containing different kind of saccharides. Afterward, the cultivation on the waste biomass hydrolysates were tested. In the case of ethanol production, 2 yeast strains kmeny (S. cerevisiae CNCTC 6646 a S. cerevisiae CNCTC 6651) were cultivated on hydrolysates of individual waste substrates. Subsequently, the experiments focused on the production of lactic acid and ethanol on hydrolysates of waste biomass in bioreactor were done. The last part of this doctoral thesis deals with the microaerobic pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass to increase the production of organic acids during the acetogenic phase of anaerobic digestion.
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Quality control of biodegradable waste process
Krbalová, Maria ; Fiala, Alois (referee) ; Koška, Petr (advisor)
The waste production and especially biodegradable waste is following mankind since the beginning of his existence. This thesis deals with a description and dividing of current available waste process technologies, including description of their advantages and disadvantages. The work is also focused on the more detailed description of the composting technology, its control and opportunities to influence on resulting parameters of compost product. The information about technical description of workplace equipments, including industrial and technological processes was provided by the company VIA ALTA from their compost plant in Blansko.
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Utilization of biomass energy
Horváth, Martin ; Bok, Jaromír (referee) ; Procházka, Zdeněk (advisor)
Restoring sources of a energy and their development brings questions how these can be these sources the best utilized. The main aim of my bachelor`s thesis is an acquainted with methods of biomass conversion to energetic potential and his advantage. Than is mentioned proper project of the biogas plant and calculation of produced electric energy quantity in select cogeneration unit base on data on specific excrements production bred pigs and biogas production from slurry. The result is a variant evaluation of economy of the biogas plant operation for agricultural enterprise according to number of bred pigs and possibility of electric energy utilization.
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Monitoring and control of processes in biogas plants
Trubač, Daniel ; Vondra, Marek (referee) ; Máša, Vítězslav (advisor)
This bachelor thesis focuses on the issue of management of biogas plants. It deals with the creation of biogas and the functioning of the biogas plant. A separate part is devoted to the description of factors influencing the efficiency and stability of the fermentation process and the methods of their measurement. The final part introduces the latest technologies in the field of monitoring and control of biogas plants. The use of decision support systems in biogas plants seems to be a very promising direction for further development.
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